In the case of Berberidaceae, stamen stimulated movement has been associated with a quick transmembrane flux of ions and subsequent water efflux (Bialczyk and Lechowski, 1988 Lechowski and Bialczyk, 1992).

Stamen movement can affect the reproductive biology of flowering plants because this mechanism forces the visitors to enter flowers and may alter the interaction plant-pollinator (Schlindwein and Wittmann, 1997 Edwards et al., 2005 Liu et al., 2006 Ren, 2010).

Ren (2010) suggested that there are four main types of stamen movement: cascade movement (Weigend and Gottschling, 2006) quick and explosive movement (Taylor et al., 2006) simultaneous and slow movement (Azuma et al., 2005) and stimulated movement (Lechowski and Bialczyk, 1992 Lebuhn and Anderson, 1994). Stamen movement has been documented in a few plant families, among them Berberidaceae (Lechowski and Bialczyk, 1992). Investigation of motility of floral elements and its adaptive significance allows understanding evolution of mating systems, ecological habitat shifts and pollinator environments in different groups of plants (Herlihy and Eckert, 2002 Kalisz et al., 2004 Goodwillie et al., 2005 Barrett, 2008). A recent review on adaptative advantages of floral movement indicated four main benefits: (1) they promote outcrossing, (2) allow delayed selling, (3) support tolerance to harsh environments, and (4) reduce intrafloral male-female interference (Ruan and Teixeira da Silva, 2011). Motion occurs in different floral parts: corolla, gynoecium, style, stigma, or stamens, and motility is either insect-induced or active (Ruan and Texeira da Silva, 2011). Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, MexicoġAuthor for correspondence: March 19th, 2013įloral movements have been appointed as mechanisms to avoid self-pollination (Darwin, 1862), and new evidence indicates that they reduce intrafloral male-female interference as well (Barrett, 2003 Sun et al., 2007). Movimientos florales: Desplazamiento de los estambres en Berberis trifoliolataĭiego F.

Floral movements: Stamen motion in Berberis trifoliolata

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